Syntax:          -te form compound verb. Uses intransitive verbs.

Usage:           Shows a state that results from a deliberate action.

Explanation: While あるby itself shows that something exists, when it is used after the -te form of a transitive verb it shows what somebody did to it to get it into the state it is in now. This is in contrast to いる, which has a similar structure, but with intransitive verbs, that shows what happened, rather than what was done. Note that even though the verb is transitive, が not を is used because the particle agrees with the final ある, not the -te form before it.

Example:

• まどが開けてあります。

The window has been opened  

Explanation: We already know that  N(location)にNがある means “there is [a] N [on/in…] N(location).” Using the -te form of a transitive verb shows what somebody did to the thing to get it there. Examples:

• 机(つくえ)の上にメモが置(お)いてあります。

A memo has been put on the desk.

• カレンダーに今月の予定が書いてあります。

This month’s schedule has been written on the calendar

Explanation: When we refer to the thing we are talking about, it becomes the topic, and がchanges to は.

Example:      

• メモはどこですか。

［メモは］机の上に置いてあります

• 今月の予定はカレンダーに書いてあります。

Preparation

Explanation: Because –teある shows that a deliberate act has taken place, it is often used to show some kind of preparation has taken place, and is often used with もう.

Examples:

• 誕生日のプレゼントはもう買ってあります。

I’ve already bought her birthday present.

• ホテルはもう予約してあります。

I’ve already booked the hotel.

Categories

Tags

Put that over there please

Explanation: The time doesn’t need to be mentioned, for example if it is some indeterminate point in the future.

Example:

• ゴミ箱に捨てておいてください。

Please put it in the bin (so it can be thrown away later).

I’ll leave it as it is.

Explanation: If the state doesn’t need to be changed, you can still use Vte おく. Note that in this construction, that action doesn’t actually have to be performed, rather, its resultant state has to be preserved.

Example:

• 机の上に出しておいてください。

Please leave them out on the table.

Explanation: そのままにするis often used here

Example:

• そのままにしておいてください。

Please leave it as it is.

引	イン	ひ-く、ひ-ける	2	A level
定	テイ、ジョウ	さだ-める、さだ-まる、さだ-か	3	A level
箱		はこ	3
予	ヨ		3	A level
置	チ、お-く	お-く	4	A level
約	ヤク		4	A level
冷	レイ	つめ-たい、ひ-える、ひ-や、ひ-やす、ひ-やかす、さ-める、さ-ます	4
復	フク		5	A level
机	キ、	つくえ	6
片	ヘン	かた	6
掛		か-ける、か-かる、かかり	S
隅	グウ	すみ	S